How the Government Goes essays

How the Government Goes expositions A majority rules system is an arrangement of government by the individuals, practiced either legitimately or through chosen agent. Majority rule government implies individuals for the individuals, so approximately interpreted, popular government is controlled by the individuals. There are three kinds of majority rules system; Direct or Participatory Democracy, Democratic Centralism, Representative Democracy. Direct Democracy is an equitable arrangement of government in which all residents take an interest in legislative issues and dynamic. Majority rule Centralism is the type of government, which works on the reason that a legislature is just on the off chance that it serves the genuine interests of the individuals, is related with socialist systems of the twentieth century. Delegate Democracy is the most widely recognized popularity based structure in present day times. Rather than permitting the entirety of the qualified residents to take part in the administration, a modest number are chosen for fills in as delegate. Popular government (Greek demos,the individuals; kratein, to control), political framework in which the individuals of a nation rule through any type of government they decide to set up. In present day vote based systems, incomparable authority is practiced generally by delegates chose by well known testimonial. The agents might be superseded by the electorate as per the legitimate techniques of review and choice, and they are, in any event on a fundamental level, dependable to the electorate. In numerous vote based systems, for example, the United States, both the official head of government and the assembly are chosen. In run of the mill sacred governments, for example, the United Kingdom and Norway, just the officials are chosen, and from their positions a bureau and a head administrator are picked. Albeit frequently utilized reciprocally, the terms majority rules system and republic are not interchangeable. The two frameworks delegate the ability to administer to their chosen agents. In a republic, nonetheless, these authorities are required to follow up on their own best judgment of the necessities and int... <!

Participant Observation and Grand Theory Essay Example for Free

Member Observation and Grand Theory Essay Bronislaw Malinowski, with his pivotal field work of the Trobriand Islander people group in the start of the twentieth century still today considers a pioneer, if not the author of the British Social Anthropology. In his renowned book Argonauts of the Western Pacific. An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagos of Melanesian New Guinea that was first distributed in 1922 he builds up an expand methodological system for ethnographical research, otherwise called ‘participant observation’. This strategy will exceptionally impact the anthropological method of moving toward its field of study and consequently its hypothetical scene from that point on. Taking a gander at Malinowski’s portrayal of the family arrangement of the Trobriand people group, his enlightening and determining style of definition gets clear: â€Å"Each of the four tribes has its own name: Malasi, Lukuba, Lukwasisiga, Lukulabuta. (†¦) There are unique mixes of the group names with developmental roots, to descrive people and the blended majority having a place with a similar tribe: Tomalasi †a Malasi man; Immalasi †a Malasi ladies; Memalasi †the Malasi individuals (†¦). Close to the town of Laba’I, on the northern shore of the principle island, there is a spot called Obukula, which is set apart by a coral outcrop. Obukula is, indeed, a ‘hole’ (dubwadebula), or ‘house’ (bwala); in other words, one of the focuses from which the primary predecessors of the linage rose. † (Malinowski 1929: 496 f. , italics in unique) This very nuanced and case explicit case of the material picked up from his methodological methodology offers ascend to the inquiry if Malinowski’s legacy of member perception has perpetually removed Anthropology from presenting excellent speculations? To have the option to consider and talk about this inquiry, it is imperative to initially characterize what Malinowski delineated when he spread out his creed for ethnographical research by the term member perception. Also, a closer review of the announcement ‘grand theory’ is imperative for our motivation and will be explained in the second segment of this exposition. In this way, we will take a gander at these two ideas and their relationship to each other in segment three so as to move toward the inquiry whether Anthropology can be seen as a science ready to deliver stupendous hypotheses. I. Member perception In the foreword to Argonauts of the Western Pacific Malinowski expresses that he has â€Å"lived in that [Trobriand Island] archipelago for around two years (†¦), during which time [he] normally procured an exhaustive information on the language. [He] accomplished [his] work completely alone, living for most of the time directly in the town. † (1966: xvi). This announcement as of now contains the pith of member perception in hands on work. The sign of this methodological method of gathering information is the inundation of the specialist into her or his field of study over a significant stretch of time and the individual part taking in the connections of the individuals in the network contemplated. At the point when Malinowski characterized this new methodology of ‘first-hand’ perception he broke with the, around then winning convention of ‘armchair’ ethnography. In this earlier methodology, ethnographers accumulated information picked up from authentic sources to find speculations about specific parts of a typically ‘native’ network (Osterhoudt 2010). One of the fundamental commitments of Malinowski’s new strategy to anthropological hypothesis was that by taking an interest and watching conduct in the example network he discovered that an error between genuine conduct and story proclamations exists. â€Å"The perfection and consistency, which the minor verbal proclamation propose as the main state of human lead, vanishes with a superior information on social reality. † (Malinowski 1979: 83). This disclosure in itself as of now makes a point out of analysis towards the previous ethnographical ‘arm-chair’ way to deal with information assortment and assessment. Despite the fact that member perception depends on an apparently wide and instinctive research plan, it would, notwithstanding, be off base to accept that this methodology would be liberated from any mandate standards on the most proficient method to gather applicable information. Thusly, Malinowski depicts how first, the analyst must â€Å"possess genuine logical aims† (Malinowski 1966: 6) and be acquainted with the hypothetical foundation of human sciences. Further, the analyst should live in the field among the locals without anyone else/himself, and in conclusion the analyst needs to adhere to uncommon and severe logical strategies, for example, drawing â€Å"tables of family relationship terms, ancestries, maps, plans and diagrams† (idib. 1966: 10) to gather, plan and record her/his information. The past case of the family framework gives a feeling of the nitty gritty and case explicit data that is acquired by the utilization of member perception. Other than the sort of the information gathered, it ought to likewise be taken a gander at the territory of research and Malinowski’s recommendation of the subject to be considered. He suggests that the â€Å"field specialist watches people acting inside an ecological setting, regular and counterfeit; affected by it, and thus changing it in co-activity with one another. † (Malinowski 1939: 940). In this way, he centers around the person as a beginning stage and its connection to, and common reliance on a social gathering. The requests of a specialist will henceforth need to incorporate a â€Å"specific investigation of the person, just as the gathering inside which he needs to live and work. † (idib. 1939: 950). The aggregate life inside that gathering or society is generally to be found in specific sorts of exercises, ‘institutions’, for example, the â€Å"economy, training, or social control and political framework in place† (idib. 1939: 954). These foundations, as he calls attention to, can be viewed as a productive base to examine the individual’s intentions and qualities and they will give â€Å"insight into the procedure by which the individual is molded or socially shaped and of the gathering components of this procedure. † (idib. 1939: 954). II. Fantastic Theory In the accompanying, the decree ‘grand theory’ will be indicated and by doing so recognized into two unique propensities of understanding the idea. Wiarda (2010) characterizes a great hypothesis in his book Grand Theories and Ideologies in the Social Sciences as â€Å"those enormous, overall clarifications of social and political behaviorâ€liberalism, Marxism, communism, positivism, corporatism, political culture, institutionalism, therapy, balanced decision hypothesis, environmentalism (Jared Diamond), sociobiology, and now science and geneticsâ€that offer lucidness to the sociologies, help us to sort out and consider change and modernization, and give us displays to comprehend complex conduct. † (Wiarda 2010: x) This meaning of amazing hypothesis as a ‘overarching explanation’ is in accordance with Anthony Good’s (1996) comprehension of a ‘generalizing science’ that produces â€Å"universal, distinct and prescient laws† (idib. 1996: 34). Here a fantastic hypothesis is comprehended as a hypothesis giving a widespread and basic structure that offers importance to specific and individual marvels ‘on the ground’. In this procedure the â€Å"importance of the neighborhood and the unexpected, (†¦) the degree to which our own ideas and perspectives have been shaped† (Skinner 1985: 8) forms likewise a piece of the all inclusive system. The subsequent inclination to consider the possibility of fabulous hypothesis goes above and beyond and is chiefly portrayed by C. Wright Mills utilization of it. He energetically reprimanded the idea in his book The Sociological Imagination (1959): â€Å"The fundamental reason for fabulous hypothesis is the underlying decision of a degree of reasoning so broad that its experts can't intelligently get down to perception. They never, as stupendous scholars, get down from the higher simplifications to issues in their recorded and auxiliary settings. This nonappearance of a firm feeling of veritable issues, thusly, makes for the illusion so recognizable in their pages. † (idib. 1959: 33) As this statement appears, Mills’ comprehension of a fantastic hypothesis goes past our first definition. In this subsequent understanding Mills infers that researchers producing great hypotheses are fascinated in their undertaking to assemble theoretical, standardizing and widely inclusive systems and hence disregard the investigation of the ‘meaning’ behind their builds. The person with its specific qualities and translations, just as assortment on the size of the genuine region of research fall behind. III. Member Observation and its connection to Grand Theory Taken the simply sketched out origination of great hypothesis impacted by Mills and placing it in relationship with Malinowski’s procedure of member perception, the solution to our inquiry whether Malinowski’s legacy banished the method of Anthropology to ever deliver amazing speculations shows up unambiguously to be ‘yes’. Member perception in its very nature is near the individual and expects to investigate, over an extensive stretch of time, which social and social powers impact the person in a particular setting. In this manner, concerning Mills origination of fabulous hypothesis, Anthropology has a birth imperfection considered member perception that will consistently keep it from creating exceptionally conceptual stupendous speculations, which remain in no connection to the conditions from where they were derived from. A more intensive look uncovers that Malinowski’s comprehension of the anthropological development of hypothesis lines up with Mills analysis towards high

“Good Day Sunshine” Poem Analysis Essay

Diary 1 I think â€Å"Good Day Sunshine† is the sonnet that I can distinguish most on the grounds that this is the sonnet the creator shows his joy and energy for get another sweetheart. The significance I draw from this melody is that a man began to look all starry eyed at his new sweetheart, alluded to in the tune â€Å"I feel great in an uncommon manner, I’m in affection and it’s a bright day†. We can likewise think the extraordinary day is the day that the creator become hopelessly enamored, albeit really is a typical day, for the creator is radiant and unique. There is a graceful gadgets is utilized in this poemâ€rhyme. It can improve the perusers a lot to feel the author’s feeling. Despite the fact that this is a straightforward and simple getting sonnet, the rhyme and the inclination inside that the perusers may adore it. Q: What is the picture you get when you perused this sonnet? Diary 2 For now diaries, them two are hard for me to comprehend. All things considered, I can in any case draw something from the sonnet King Of Pain. In this sonnet, we can see that the creator was under an extraordinary difficult structure â€Å"There’s a little dark spot on the sun today, a similar old thing as yesterday, there’s a dark cap trapped in a high tree top†. Since the creator was under an extraordinary excruciating, everything in his eyes is dark, old and pitiful. Additionally, from the words â€Å"it’s my spirit up there†, it revealed to us that the creator felt terrible as the dark old thing, it’s likewise imply that the author’s soul is out of his body. In this sonnet, we can simple to discover couples of idyllic gadgets in it. There are cleansing, metaphors and embodiments. These wonderful gadgets cause this sonnet to have a more grounded feeling and let the peruser a lot more obvious. Q: What is the picture you get when you perused this sonnet? Diary 3 For now sonnets, in reality all are not hard to comprehend, they have only here and there composing aptitudes and wonderful gadgets, similar to the sonnet Tom’s Diner. This sonnet a sonnet, yet in addition the expressions of tune. In this melody you can simple comprehend that the writer feel in affection in the individual who the writer love so a lot, yet the writer feel bashful and never to tell the individual, so the writer composed this sonnet like recounting to a story to the perusers. In any case, we perusers can draw that the creator had not demonstrated the adoration to the one the creator love toward the finish of the sonnet. I think this is a pitiful completion. For the idyllic gadgets of this sonnet, I figure we can name it recounting stories. Q: Is the creator a man or a lady? Diary 4 This is the most unusual love sonnet that I have ever met. For the name of sonnet My Mistresses Eyes. I think this isn't the genuine courtesan of the creator, just the creator adores this lady so much and treats her as a paramour. What's more, presently let us view this sonnet, the creator said â€Å"My mistress’ eyes are not at all like the sun; Coral is definitely more red than her lips’ red; If snow be white, why then her bosoms are dun; If hairs be wires, dark wires develop on her head†. Every one of them are stating that his fancy woman isn't wonderful, overall quite even monstrous. Yet, this is an adoration sonnet, not a parody sonnet, by what means can the creator composed this in an affection sonnet? Most definitely, the creator composed this that mean he couldn't care less what number of awful characteristics the lady had. We generally state on the off chance that you love an individual, every awful thing will turn out to be acceptable. In this sonnet, we can see that analogy and symbolism were utilized in it. These wonderful gadgets make this sonnet has a more grounded feeling and let the perusers a lot more obvious. Q: What is the picture of the lady you get when you perused this sonnet? Diary 5 Vegans, clearly this sonnet is about a gathering of individuals who just eat vegetables and perhaps likewise about their nourishment. At that point when you read this sonnet you will discover my theory is right. The creator composed this sonnet not just portray the veggie lovers and diverse sort of vegetables, yet additionally need more individuals to comprehend what is vegan. This sonnet starts with â€Å"Vegetarians are remorseless, foolish individuals. Everyone realizes that a carrot shouts when grated†. Made the vegetables appear as though individual, depicts the thing when vegetables were eaten. I figure this creator must love meat to such an extent. There are two graceful gadgets in this sonnet, one is representation and the other one is symbolism. These wonderful gadgets make this sonnet has a more grounded feeling and let the perusers a lot more obvious. Diary 6 All today sonnets are social analysis once more, troublesome part for me. Undoubtedly, the weird natural product in this sonnet mean dark individuals. So this sonnet discloses to us how the dark individuals be treated previously, the white individuals treated dark individuals preferred creatures, not people. â€Å"Southern trees bear a bizarre natural product, blood one the leaves and blood at the root, dark bodies swinging in the southern breeze, odd organic product dangling from the poplar trees†. Abnormal organic product simply like dark individuals, dark individuals simply like unusual natural product, them two were held tight the trees. This likewise mean white individuals regarded dark individuals as article, not people. For the wonderful gadgets in this sonnet, it has representation and illustration. These beautiful gadgets make the perusers a lot more obvious how white individuals treated dark individuals before.

Why This High School Essay Samples Can Be Fun for Everyone

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Rene Descartes and Meditations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 902 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/30 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Rene Descartes Essay Did you like this example? In the Meditations, Rene Descartes endeavors to questions everything that is conceivable. His vulnerability of things that ranges from God to himself. At that point, he proceeds to begin demonstrating that things do exist by first demonstrating he exists. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Rene Descartes and Meditations" essay for you Create order After setting himself up he can proceed to build up everything else on the planet. Next, he goes on to demonstrate, the brain and the body arent attached. With the end goal to do this he should initially demonstrate he has a brain, and afterward demonstrate that real things exist. I do agree with Descartes that the brain is discrete from the body. These are the contentions that I concur with Descartes. The 1st Meditation entitled What can be called into uncertainty, opens with the Meditator pondering the number of lies he has thought amid his life and on the ensuing brokenness of the group of information he has developed from these deceptions. He has made plans to clear away all he supposes he knows and to begin again from the establishments, developing his insight yet again on progressively certain grounds. He has situated himself alone, by the fire, free all things considered so he can crush his previous feelings with consideration. The Meditator reasons that he requires some motiv ation to question his present conclusions with the end goal to incite him to look for sturdier establishments for his insight. As opposed to questioning all of his feelings exclusively, He reasons that he may cast them all into uncertainty in the event that he can question the establishments and fundamental standards whereupon his suppositions are established. Everything that the Meditator has acknowledged as most obvious he has come to gain from or through his detects. He recognizes that occasionally the faculties can swindle, however just concerning articles that are little or far away, and that our tangible information all in all is very solid. The Meditator recognizes that crazy individuals may be more deluded, however, that he is unmistakably not one of them and neednt stress himself over that. In any case, the Meditator understands that he is frequently persuaded when he is imagining that he is detecting genuine articles. He feels sure that he is alert and sitting by the fire, however, mirrors that frequently he has imagined this very kind of thing and been entirely persuaded by it. Despite the fact that his present sensations might be dream pictures, he recommends that even dream pictures are drawn from waking knowledge, much like compositions in that regard. Notwithstanding when a painter makes a fanciful animal, similar to a mermaid, the composite parts are drawn from genuine articles ladies and fish, on account of a mermaid. Whats more, notwithstanding when a painter makes something totally new, in any event, the hues in the artistic creation are drawn from genuine experience. In this manner, the Meditator finishes up, however, he can question composite things, he cant question the straightforward and all-inclusive parts from which they are built like shape, amount, measure, time, and so forth. While we can question thinks about dependent on composite things, similar to a drug, space science, or material science, he presumes that we cant question examines dependent on straightforward things, similar to math and geometry. On further reflection, the Meditator understands that even basic things can be questioned. All-powerful God could make even our origination of arithmetic false. One may contend that God is remarkably great and would not persuade erroneously every one of these things. In any case, by this thinking, we should believe that God would not beguile him with respect to anything, but then this is unmistakably not genuine. In the event that we assume, there is no God, there is a considerably more noteworthy probability of being deluded since our defective faculties would not have been made by an ideal being. The Meditator discovers it relatively difficult to keep his ongoing assessments and presumptions out of his head, attempt as he may. He makes plans to imagine that these suppositions are absolutely false and nonexistent with the end goal to offset his routine state of mind. He guesses that not God, but rather some malicious evil spirit has invested in misleading him with the goal that all that he supposes he knows is false. By questioning everything, he can, at any rate, make certain not to be deceived into misrepresentation by this evil presence. We should take note of that Descartes uncertainty is a methodological and balanced uncertainty. That is, t he Meditator isnt simply questioning everything aimlessly, except is giving strong motivations to his uncertainty at each stage. For example, he rejects the likelihood that he may be frantic since that would undermine the objectivity that spurs his uncertainty. Descartes is attempting to set up this uncertainty inside a judicious system, and necessities to keep up a case to judiciousness for his contentions to continue. The envisioning theory would leave information of such things as numerical certainties alone, for they are no less valid in dreams. However, Descartes holds, if there could be a pernicious evil presence with full authority over my brain, at that point he could delude me always, for the assurance that normally goes to even the least complex of contemplations, for example, that 2+2=4, could be just his creation I feel certain. It accordingly shows up I can be sure of nothing and this is the point in which Meditation 1 closes.

Internet Exercise Essay - 1871 Words

| Internet Exercise #3: CDM Process | | | 6/24/2013 | | | The internet is the most recent tool that marketers are using to influence consumers. Discuss the impact of the Internet on the five stages of the CDM process. What happens differently, or how does the Internet use these processes to sell more efficiently? | Internet Exercise #3: CDM Process 1. Need Recognition During this first stage, the consumer recognizes a need that can be satisfied by a purchase. What are the ways that Internet marketers are attempting to trigger consumers’ recognition of needs? * Internet marketers use browser cookies to keep track of consumers’ behavior. Browser cookie is a small piece of data sent from a website and†¦show more content†¦* Experimental sources are not as easily influenced on the internet as the consumer usually does not have the ability to experience the product firsthand as they would in a store. The possible exceptions would be in trial software that can be downloaded prior to purchase or websites that allow you to virtually â€Å"test† a product. An example of this would be the Behr paint Virtual Color Selector or Paint your Place feature, where you can upload photos of the room you want to paint and see it in the colors you selected. However, the effective implementation of experimental sources often requires sophisticated planning, designing, and technology. What impact does the information available at Edmunds have on consumers’ alternative search? * Edmunds allows the consumer to read product reviews, get price quotes, search different cars all from one site, and find the dealerships in their area that have the car they are looking for. This allows the consumer to educate themselves on the cars that are available to them and comparison shop without leaving their home. A consumer could do all of the research on their next car purchase from home, go to the nearest dealership to test drive the models they are most interested in, then use the information to either try and negotiate the best price, or they can go directly to the dealer with the lowest cost for the car they are looking for. This helpsShow MoreRelatedHOSP 310 Week 5 Internet Exercises Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Week 5 internet Exercises Chapter 11: Exercise #1 a) One of the trends that are occurring in the hotel industry is the increase in construction in certain pipelines and areas. The Spanish influenced countries of Latin America and South America are seeing the largest increase. The increased interest in the Hispanic culture by society is driving many consumers to want to escape to the sandy beaches and the tropical oasis. 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International Class Faculty of Economics Andalas University 2014 INTERNET PROBLEM 14-1: REVENUE RECOGNITION FRAUD The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) found that Bally Total Fitness Holding Corporation, a nationwide commercial operator of fitness centers, fraudulentlyRead MorePlanet Fitness s Creative Marketing Plan932 Words   |  4 Pageshave a gym membership with their small $10 fee, partially people who reside in inter-city regions. Behavior As any other large company does these days, the gym relies heavily on behavioral marketing. The Internet has a huge community of gym goers who love to talk about their exercises on videos, blogs and social media. Planet Fitness recognizes this behavior through computer applications and cookies, web analytics, IP addresses and browsing and search history to create user profiles of individualRead MoreSwot1540 Words   |  7 Pageslocal gyms that are ran by neighbors and friends of a small town, and of course the private, elite country clubs and spas (First Research: Mergent, 2015). Regardless of size, name or cost; all of these fitness centers provide the same things; various exercise equipment: free weights, cardio machines (treadmills, the elliptical, and stationary bicycles), pools, and spas, sport courts (tennis, racquetball, basketball, etc.), personal training, and group classes. In today’s society, gyms and clubs are aRead MoreOffering Free Classes For Adults Can Help Pr event Illness2068 Words   |  9 PagesOffering free classes for adults can help prevent illness and promote overall health. Exercise not only helps with your health but it also helps with loneliness. 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Advanced Accounting Annual Reports Of JB HI-FI Limited - Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Report for Advanced Accounting of Annual Reports of JB HI-FI Limited. Answer: Introduction This assignment is based on the subject of Advanced Accounting. During this assignment, the annual reports of JB HI-FI Limited and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited are analyzed in order to identify the extent to which the companies have followed the AASB (Australian Accounting Standard Board) standards. At the same time, the assignment has also compared the standards of annual reports of these two companies. At the end of the assignment, conclusion is derived by considering the key findings of the assignment. Along with the conclusion, the assignment also provides some recommendations for the improvements of annual reports of the companies. Analyzing the annual reports of JB HI-FI Limited and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited JB HI-FI Limited is one of the most popular retail organizations in Australia. The company is operating its business since 1974 and currently, it is located at 210 places. The company deals with the electronic products along with CDs and DVDs. As per the last years annual report, the company has earned profit of $135,555,000 and total revenue of the company was $3,456,016,000. The amount of total equity of the company in last year was $344,461,000 (Jbhifi.com.au 2016). Harvey Norman Holdings Limited is another large retail organization in Australia and it is operating its business since 1982. Presently, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited is operating business at 194 places in Australia and 86 places in the foreign countries. The company is having total 10000 employees only in Australia. The last years annual report has disclosed that Harvey Norman has earned revenue of $1,101,286 and the company was able to enhance the profit by 25.6% than last year (Harveynormanholdings.com.au 2016). However, if the annual reports of JB HI-FI Limited and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited are compared, then it can be identified that both of the companies have followed the standards set by Australian Accounting Standards Board or AASB. As per the auditors report presented in the latest annual report of JB HI-FI Limited, the company has provided the true and fair financial reports as required by AASB and Corporation Act 2001 (Jbhifi.com.au 2016). At the same time, the annual report of JB HI-FI Limited also mentioned that the presentation of the financial statement of the company has been done complying with the International Financial Reporting Standards s required by Accounting Standards AASB 101 (Jbhifi.com.au 2016). On the other side, the annual report of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited has also mentioned that the company has prepared the annual report as per the Australian Accounting Standards Board or AASB and International Financial Reporting Standards or IFRS. At the same time, the annual report noted that Harvey Norman Holdings Limited has also followed the Corporation Act 2001 (Harveynormanholdings.com.au 2016). However, in order to verify whether the companies have truly followed the AASB requirements or not, it is important to have an idea about the requirements of AASB. Some of the requirements of AASB are as under: Annual report of the companies must disclose all of the financial information that affects the interest of the stakeholders (AASB, C.A.S 2016). The financial statements in the annual report of the entity must include the consolidated financial statements The measurement of the assets must be done at their fair value (AASB, C.A.S) The financial statements must be presented in a way that ensures that comparability of the current years financial figures with the previous periods. The financial statements must be presented as per AASB 164, which suggests for interim financial reporting (Bond, Govendir and Wells 2016). Two companies, JB HI-FI Limited and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, follow the above-mentioned requirements of the AASB, which can be indentified in the following extracts from the annual reports of the two companies: Extracts from the annual report of JB HI-FI Limited: Figure 1: Extract from annual report of JB HI-FI Limited (Source: Jbhifi.com.au 2016) Figure 2: Extract from annual report of JB HI-FI Limited (Source: Jbhifi.com.au 2016) Figure 3: Extract from annual report of JB HI-FI Limited (Source: Jbhifi.com.au 2016) In the above extracts, it can be identified that JB HI-FI Limited has prepared the consolidated financial statements and at the same time, it can also be seen that the financial report has provided the fair view of financial position. Along with that, the disclosure policy of the company is also clear in the above extract. The last extract from the annual report is clearly indicating the AASB standards that the company has followed. Extract from the annual report of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited: Figure 4: Extract from the annual report of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited (Source: Harveynormanholdings.com.au 2016) Figure 5: Extract from the annual report of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited (Source: Harveynormanholdings.com.au 2016) Figure 6: Extract from the annual report of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited (Source: Harveynormanholdings.com.au 2016) In the above extracts from the annual report of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, it can be seen that the company has followed the standards of AASB. The company has also prepared the consolidated annual report. The extracts from annual report is also disclosing that the financial report has been prepared by following the historical cost method. However, the valuation of the land and buildings, investment properties, listed shares, derivative financial instruments has been done based on the fair value method. Therefore, the annual report of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited is indicating that the company has not properly followed the guidelines provided in the AASB in case of measurements of the financial values excepts some of the assets. On the other side, in the annual report of the company it has been mentioned that the corporate governance is good but there is nothing mentioned to support that the corporate governance is good. The directors report of the company has stated that the company has followed the principles of good corporate governance but which principles the company has followed has not mentioned in the report. On the other side, the annual report of JB HI-FI Limited has not mentioned about the corporate governance policies clearly. The company has stated that it has followed the relevant corporate governance standards but nothing is mentioned about the policies of corporate governance. Moreover, the annual report of the company has not maintained AASB 137 properly. As per AASB 137, an entity is bound to disclose the contingent liabilities if it considers itself responsible towards the society. However, if the annual report of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited is noticed, then it can be seen that the annual report has clearly disclosed the contingent liabilities of the company. The annual reports of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited and JB HI-FI Limited have nothing mentioned about their CSR (Corporate Social Responsibilities). However, as per the standards of corporate reporting, it is essential for the organizations to mentioned about their corporate social responsibilities in the annual reports (Council 2015). Australian Accounting Standards Board is under the International Financial Reporting Standards and disclosing the corporate social responsibilities is mandated by IFRS (Kent, P. and Zunker 2015). On the other side, the annual reports of these two companies have stated the consolidated financial statements for only two years 1. The year for which the report is prepared that is 2015 and 2. One previous year that is 2014. However, as per the standards stated in AASB, the companies are required produce the financial statements for current year and that must show the comparability of previous years (Dakis 2016). This is clearly indicating that the companies have not fulfilled the AASB requirements properly. Reasons behind the mismatch with the AASB The reason for which the companies have manipulated their annual reports may be less knowledge of the accountants. It can be happened that the accountants are not aware of the requirements of the AASB standards. However, Rudzani and Manda (2016) argued that the preparation of annual report is not the sole responsibility of the accountants. The annual report of a company represents the company and its financial performance. Therefore, it is the duty of the higher authority to check the annual reports before it is published. There may be an intension of misstating the financial transactions in the annual reports. Lockwood (2015) commented that the companies sometimes ignore the AASB or IFRS standards in order to enjoy some unethical benefits like, tax evasion or paying less return to the shareholders and investors. For example, in the annual reports of JB HI-FI Limited, the company has not mentioned about the contingent liabilities, which indicates that the company is not responsible towards the society as per AASB 137 (Zhou, Birt and Rankin 2015). Due to this, the company can easily avoid its social responsibilities, which can increase its profit level or minimize its costs. Apart from that, in the 2015s annual report, the companies have not showed the comparison between the financial performance of 2015 and previous few years. This can be interpreted as the companies had intension to under-state some financial figures or values, which helps the companies to conduct tax evasion. At the same time, the companies can over-state the financial values in order to mislead the investors. The unclear corporate governance policies in the annual report of the companies may be the effect of companies intension to mislead the external stakeholders (Dakis 2016). In the annual reports of the companies it is only written that the corporate governance has followed the good corporate governance principles but the stakeholders will not get any idea about the corporate governance policies by reading this statement. Comparison between the annual reports of JB HI-FI Limited and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited The companies JB HI-FI Limited and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited are the well-known business organizations in Australia as well as in the international market. However, if the annual reports of these two companies are compared, then it can be identified that the annual reports of the two companies have followed more or less similar formats and standards. The annual reports of both the companies have mentioned that they have followed the AASB requirements. The annual reports of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited and JB HI-FI Limited have followed the AASB 1031 Materiallty, AASB 2012-3, AASB 2013-4. However, there are few differences between the annual reports of the two companies. For example, in JB HI-FI Limited, the annual report has mentioned that the company has followed the AASB standards like, AASB 2013-3, AASB 2013-9 but in case of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, the annual report stated that the company has followed AASB 2013-5 other than AASB 2012-3 and AASB 2013-4. There is a similarity between the two annual reports and that is in the valuation in the financial transactions. In the annual reports of both the companies, it has been identified that they has valued or measured the financial transactions other than few assets and transactions as per the historical cost method. In case of land and buildings, derivative financial instruments, listed shares the valuation is done as per the fair value method. Conclusion and Recommendations In this assignment, it has been identified that the annual reports of JB HI-FI Limited and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited have followed the standards provided in Australian Accounting Standards Board. During the analysis in the assignment, some extracts from the annual reports of the companies have been provided, which disclosed the truth of maintaining the AASB standards. However, in the in-depth analysis of the annual reports, it has been found out that in some cases, the companies have not followed the standards or requirements of AASB properly. In case of valuation of the assets and other financial transactions, the companies have followed both historical cost and fair value methods while measuring the assets and other financial transactions and instruments. In the comparison between the annual reports of the both the companies, it has been identified that the annual reports of both the companies are more or less similar. However, there are some differences between the two annual reports. The AASB standards which are followed by the companies different in both the companies. However, few standards are common in both the companies. Recommendations: The companies need to follow the AASB standards properly. The companies need to show the consolidated financial statements for at least last three years so that the comparison can be done properly. At the same time, the companies must state about their corporate social responsibility activities in their annual reports. Along with that, the companies also need to mention their contingent liabilities in the financial reports. Reference list: AASB, C.A.S., 2016. Consolidated Financial Statements. Bond, D., Govendir, B. and Wells, P., 2016. An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136.Accounting Finance. Council, G.M., 2015. Infrastructure Assessment Report. Dakis, G.S., 2016. Upcoming changes to contributions and leasing standards.Governance Directions,68(2), p.99. Harveynormanholdings.com.au, 2016. Harvey Norman Company Reports Announcements. [online] Harveynormanholdings.com.au. Available at: https://www.harveynormanholdings.com.au/ [Accessed 7 Aug. 2016]. Jbhifi.com.au, 2016. JB Hi-Fi | Australias Largest Home Entertainment Retailer. [online] Jbhifi.com.au. Available at: https://www.jbhifi.com.au [Accessed 7 Aug. 2016]. Kent, P. and Zunker, T., 2015. A stakeholder analysis of employee disclosures in annual reports.Accounting Finance. Lockwood, A., 2015. There's no containing water asset valuation methodologies.Water: Journal of the Australian Water Association,42(3), p.36. Rudzani, S. and Manda, D.C., 2016. An assessment of the challenges of adopting and implementing IFRS for SMEs in South Africa. Zhou, T., Birt, J. and Rankin, M., 2015. The value relevance of exploration and evaluation expenditures.Accounting Research Journal,28(3), pp.228-250.

Job Design free essay sample

Hackman and Oldham’s job characteristics model can be used for job design to make sure organizations goals are achieved and employees are satisfied with their jobs. They propose that a satisfied employee has better performance, internal motivation, and lower absenteeism. In order to achieve this, an employee must believe his work is meaningful, he must be responsible for the outcomes, and must see the end result. They believe that using techniques such as job enlargement, job rotation, employee empowerment, and job crafting. Job enlargement is when the tasks and responsibilities of a job are enlarged. More tasks and responsibilities means the employees will feel more meaningful about their jobs. Job rotation is when employees switch jobs from time to time to decrease boredom and repetitiveness. This can be a huge benefit to an employer because the employees will know how to do many different jobs. The employer will have flexible employees who can be utilized in many different ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Job Design or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another technique an employer can use is employee empowerment. This is when the employee’s opinions are listened to and they have more responsibility. This allows them to take risks and try to become innovators. Employee innovation can really increase productivity because they know their jobs the best. It also means they will be responsible for the outcomes of their innovations. Another technique is job crafting were an employee tailors their job to their strengths. This will help motivate them and will make them more productive. These are ways that the job characteristics model improves job design.

Discuss some of the similarities and differences between Independence Day and War of the Worlds with particular reference to narrative and genre features Essay Example

Discuss some of the similarities and differences between Independence Day and War of the Worlds with particular reference to narrative and genre features Essay Example Discuss some of the similarities and differences between Independence Day and War of the Worlds with particular reference to narrative and genre features Essay Discuss some of the similarities and differences between Independence Day and War of the Worlds with particular reference to narrative and genre features Essay Essay Topic: Between the World and Me Narrative The War of the worlds by Steven Spielberg can be categorised as a hybrid genre, containing a mix of a sci-fi and a family drama. The audience establishes that it is a sci-fi with aspects of family drama right from the start of the film, as there seems to be two openings to the film. The first opening is a voice over by Morgan Freeman, using scientific words to describe how people (referred to as a swarm of ants small and insignificant) were being watched by another intelligent group of people. The speech finishes with the use of paralanguage, a technique whereby his voice takes a more serious tone when discussing how others are going to take over the world. These words are combined with the imagery that appears, as a white light starts to increase, which could be described like an eye, which obviously portrays someone watching. The other opening to the film is used to establish the main character Ray Ferrier and his family. This is where the other genre of a family drama appears. Dr amatic irony is instantly set up as the audience knows that doom is about to occur; however the characters dont. We follow the family throughout the film as they struggle to survive against the aliens, and watch their relationships with one another being tested, as Ray learns more about his family. This is completely contrasted to Independence Day by Roland Emmerich, as this film is categorised as a sci-fi and action film. This film is a lot more involved with the government rather than the family aspect, unlike War of the Worlds. However, there are elements of romance during Independence Day, as one couple gets married and the second couple who broke up before the film started, hold hands and we see a shot of the wedding ring that the man has worn throughout the whole time of their separation. There is also an opening sequence at the beginning of Independence Day. As the title credits appear, the music is very military like, which includes snare drums and even gunshots. The very first image that the viewer sees is the American flag, together with a stretch of footprints on top of the moon. This portrays to the audience past glories that the Americans have achieved. However, this does not last long as the footprints slowly vanish from the scene, perhaps showing an extermination of mankind. After this opening scene finishes, the scene cuts to a shot where the music that starts up contains the lyrics its the end of the world as we know it. This is subtle irony, as obviously the audience knows the end of the world is about to come. Numerous other clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s like this one appear constantly throughout the film such as the use of cigars, to highlight the stereotypical America, but are completely taken out during the War of the Worlds. The music in War of the Worlds is completely different to Independence Day. This is because the music heard at the beginning of War of the Worlds is not military and is more thrilling and emotive. This highlights further that the genre of War of the Worlds is not just a sci-fi/thriller movie, but also more of a family drama. Narrative is constantly used to make sense and to create meaning out of our chaotic experiences and is essential to our understanding of experiences of the world. Narrative structure is also used to give order and shape to the series of events. The structure identified in War of the Worlds is linear owing to the fact that it is single stranded as there is only one main story throughout the film. The film starts off as a low concept film and ends as a high concept film. This is completely contrasted to Independence Day, which has a multistranded narrative and is very fast paced with a collection of short sequences. This represents the chaos that everyone is experiencing, and the fact that everyone is bewildered. From all of these different narratives occurring through the film Independence Day, the viewer knows we will eventually come to a conjunction with all these different storylines and this appears true when the audience arrives at July the 4th and the narrative from then on is s ingle stranded. Narrative also requires a narrator, someone who tells the story from his or her point of view. In War of the Worlds, the entire film is from the point of view of Ray Ferrier and his family. This helps the viewer to relate to the characters and become more emotionally involved. This does not happen in Independence Day, as there are several main characters and all different storylines and therefore it becomes increasingly difficult for the audience to participate in the action of the film, and has to merely sit on the sidelines as an observer. The narrative of War of the Worlds also contains references to the 9/11 attacks. This is noticeable at the beginning of the film where the voice over is heard and suggests we are being watched by another intelligent group of people. Furthermore, throughout the film there are other references that signify this, such as the plane crash, clothes falling from the sky, and ash fogging up the sky. This is clearly a post 9/11 film, unlike Independence Day, which is a pre- 9/11 film that suggests that America is confident that they are the leaders and everyone else is following them. The film Independence Day portrays an idealistic view of how they would like to think America is. Firstly, President Whitmore is an idealistic representation of a president, as he is clearly hardworking, witty, an ex-warrior and a family man. Furthermore, throughout the film there are shots of certain landmarks, which show the very iconic America, such as shots of the moon landing, and the Statue of liberty. In addition to this, the scenes in Independence Day are completely varied from City scenes to the deserts. This suggests to the viewer that America is a country of a multi-ethnic society. The stereotypical America is also represented further in this film by the use of glasses being worn by important and clever people, showing that glasses signify intelligence. Also, it contains every type of character including young and old, and straight and gay. The mise-en-scene presented in War of the Worlds is a lot bleaker and darker than Independence Day, which portrays more War-like imagery. Furthermore, there is a lot more death and destruction than there is in Roland Emmerichs film. The vulnerability of the children is also a lot stronger, which highlights again the fact that War of the Worlds focuses on the family point of view. The whole script of the film is a lot more authentic than Independence Day, and contains more realism, for example when Ray says to always put yourself first. The overall film doesnt pay attention to the sci-fi genre, but is more of a sci-fi played on a modern film. This is also emphasized right from the beginning of the film, as we learn that this film is taking place in the 21st century, and the majority of sci-fi films are set in the future. Throughout War of the Worlds, there are many shots that are over exposed, which suggests that the things that are happening are beyond reality, and hyper-real. This is completely juxtaposed to Independence Day, which has a lot of different creeds of colour situated in the film. This suggests Independence Day is a more light-hearted film, rather than War of the Worlds, which is a lot more dismal. Throughout War of the Worlds, the News on the television in the film acts as an exposition tool, which gives the audience the background of the characters and the present situation. This does not happen in Independence Day, the script of this film plays out contemporary anxieties and fears which Americans have, and expresses important US values. Having looked at the similarities and differences of Independence Day by Roland Emmerich, and War of the Worlds by Steven Spielberg, it is clear that the way each film is portrayed, through the use of mise-on-scene, the music, the characters, and the way the films are structured, generates the type of genre and narrative each film can be identified as. War of the Worlds can be described as a hybrid genre, containing a mix of a sci-fi and a family drama, owing to the emotive elements and scenes of the film, whereas Independence Day could be categorised as a sci-fi/action film, owing to the usage of the strong, military music, the government, and the general alpha-male context. Although both of the films narratives are extremely identical, the structure of it is completely different. This is due to the fact War of the Worlds has a basic narrative structure, owing to the fact it is linear and single stranded, as the film has one storyline which commences as a low concept film and ends a s a high concept film. This is contrasted to Independence Day, as this film contains a multi-stranded narrative up to the last day, which keeps the film fast paced, and highlights further the chaos and tension of Americas society.

Human Rights and English Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Rights and English Law - Essay Example As the paper declares our formulation of the function of the criminal law so far as it concerns the subject of this inquiry . . . is to preserve public order and decency, to protect the citizen from what is offensive or injurious, and to provide sufficient safeguards against exploitation and corruption of others, particularly those who are specially vulnerable because they are young, weak in body or mind, inexperienced, or in a state of special physical, official or economic dependence. It is not, in our view, the function of the law to intervene in the private lives of citizens, or to seek to enforce any particular patter of behaviour, further than is necessary to carry out the purposes we have outlined. From this paper it is clear that the committee report sparked the furious Devlin4-Hart5 debate and educated the public of the need for open-mindedness and clarity of reasoning resulting on the clarification of the problems or issues of homosexuality and prostitution, clearly positivist inputs. What previously has been the undoubted mechanism to enforce social morality, criminal law is being hedged out from private behaviour that does not harm other people; a concept that derived its roots from JS Mill's harm principle. The committee recommendation that "homosexual behaviour between consenting adults in private should no longer be a criminal offence," specifically between men over the age of 21, except in the armed forces, led to the passage of the 1967 Sexual Offences Act which replaced the 1861 Offences against Persons Act, the previous law against homosexuality and paved the way to legalizing homosexuality except for some homosexual acts. The age of consent for homosexual men was reduced in 1994 to 18 and in 2001 to 16 while homosexual acts in the armed forces were decriminalised. In May 2003 the Sexual Offences Act 2003 came into force, repealing the sexual offences of buggery and gross indecency and criminalised sexual behaviour that a person knew or ought to have known was likely to cause distress, alarm or offence to others in a public place, including sexual activity in public cruising and 'dogging' areas. The new act consolidated five previous statutes, particularly the Criminal Law Amendm ent Act 1885, Vagrants Act 1898, Incest Act 1908, Criminal Amendment Act 1912, and Criminal Amendment Act 1922 and further driven by public concern over children. The 1885 act repealed the Contagious Diseases Acts (1864, 1866 and 1869) directed against prostitution.

Legalizing Marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Legalizing Marijuana - Essay Example For the last 10 years, there has been an on going debate that whether marijuana should be legalized or not in USA. It has become a countrywide debate, but still there is no conclusion drawn that whether the drug is significant or not in use and adaptation. The issue is common but still found in debate and more discussion (Hanson & Venturelli, 2012). I being the speaker of my audience will present the information regarding marijuana’s purposive use and legalization. I will be putting a light on controversies prevailing in the aspect of marijuana legalization. The common perception regarding Marijuana use is that it is a drug, which carries more negative influences than positive for the society. Marijuana is highly influential for the young segment of the society is what the Institute of Drug Abuse asserts in its recent survey (Tate, 2013). The Drug Policy Alliance claims that 90 million Americans of the total country’s population try marijuana once in the lifetime. Moreover, organizations such as the Institute of Drug Abuse and the Drug Policy Alliance depict that violence or psychosis are some behaviors related to Marijuana use and adaptation. These are some negative impressions which people keep about marijuana and its legalization in the country (Steve, 2011). There is another positive side of the perception, which says that marijuana is a productive drug. It is a drug that not only is required in medical treatments but also a drug that can add efficiently to the economy of the country (Caulkins, 2012). According to the contemporary literature, marijuana is the oldest and most significant drug used in the human civilization. Marijuana has been in adaptive use of the western civilization, since the early nineteenth century when it got named as western medicine (Cheryl, 2009). Most of the health institutions like the Institute of Drug Abuse claim that marijuana carries a lot of health risks and therefore

One Machine in Cement Production Industry Essay Example for Free

One Machine in Cement Production Industry Essay The cement packing machine is mainly used for packing cement in bags, or other fluit powdery materials bagging work. Except manual sidekick, baggs cant fall off unless the bulking load reach centain amount. The machine can stop immediately when bag happens to fall of suddenly. It can charge load without compressing air, which reduces the packer damadge caused by damaged pneumatic components. Most of the cement packer is divided into fixed and rotary. The work of running processes 1). Start the operation steps: The circular telegram starts the belt fastener start the packer start the feeding engine to insert the bag to fill installs measurement fall the bag . 2). Engine off step: Closes the feeding engine emptying the cement in the packer switch off the total power source . Entire operation and routine maintenance When the operation appears failure ,emergency stopping maintenance , cutting off power supply, , listing alerts or the specialist care. 6). Packer of grounding protection wants safely reliable,and regularly test ground resistance . 7). When the belt suddenly stop , they should immediately cut off the cement packer rotary power to scratch-resistant package

The Situation In Ireland :: European Europe History

The Situation In Ireland "But who are we that we should hesitate to die for Ireland. Are not the claims of Ireland greater on us than any personal ones? Is it fear that deters us from such an enterprise? Away with such fears. Cowards die many times, the brave only die once." Padraic Pearse (rebellion leader), 1916 (The New Republic, 34) Pearse's words, spoken just before the Easter rebellion, summarizes many Irish feelings toward rebellion for independence. In order to gain freedom from the British, revolutionaries were willing to sacrifice anything, even their lives. For centuries, the Irish had been part of the vast British empire and for most of that time, they struggled to obtain their sovereignty. Numerous events sparked this discontent in Ireland in the early 20th century. At the top of their list of grievances was the political treatment of the Irish. The Irish parliament was highly inadequate and inefficient with no real power to represent the people (The Outlook, pg 116). Additionally, Britain governed Ireland in the same manner that it governed all of its territories; it ruled according to what would best serve Great Britain, not the territory. For example, Ireland's commerce was discouraged and their manufacturing was paralyzed by British legislation (The Outlook, pg 116). Religious treatment of Roman Cat holics also angered the Irish. A large number of Irish were (and still are) Catholic and were repressed in many ways by English legislature. They were expected to pay taxes to support the Established Church of England, which gave Catholics no services. Furthermore, Britain forbade Catholics from providing education for their own children. Catholics could not be teachers and parents could not send their children abroad for education without forfeiture of their property and citizenship (The Outlook, pg 117). Although these actions by the British government infuriated the Irish, the new wave of rebellion actually began again in 1914 with the British government's repeal of the recently enacted Home Rule Bill, which gave the Irish some measure of political autonomy. These feelings came to a peak on Easter Monday, April 24, 1916 in the Irish capital of Dublin when approximately 1500 men, led by Pearse, seized the post office and other strategic points. These men were members of the Citizen Army, an illegal force of Dublin citizens organized by labor leader Jim Larkin and socialist James Connolly. From here, they established themselves in military fashion by erecting barricades of sandbags and closing off the streets with barbed wire.

What Did It Mean to Be Modern in Early 20th Century East Asia?

What did it mean to be modern in early twentieth century East Asia? In the early 20th century, East Asia went through a process of modernisation to cope with the challenges brought by the Western powers. This process of modernisation was characterised by numerous features, ranging from military, political, economic, industrial and technological reforms to changes in the legal, administration, diplomatic as well as education and women. There were long term socio-political and cultural impacts which shaped the modern East Asia in the early 20th century.While modernisation was in no way equivalent to Westernisation, many in the early 20th century saw the West as a model for modernisation. Modernisation in East Asia was thus more often than not taken as a process of learning from or even imitating the West. This essay will argue that Japan, Korea and China shared similar themes in the path towards modernity even though they developed in different ways. One of the most important steps tow ards modernisation for all 3 regions of East Asia was the reform (increasing levels of freedom) for women.In the early 20th century Japan, Korea and China underwent economic and industrial development taking the first steps towards modernisation. However, the significant difference lay in the fact that Korea underwent this process of industrial and economic modernisation under Japanese colonial rule therefore one may argue that the significance of their development was much greater. Japanese corporations took advantage of international technological and managerial innovations often called the â€Å"second industrial revolution†. Japan’s electrical technology became second to none.Electric street cars appeared in Tokyo in 1904, several years after they had appeared in Seoul. Of Japanese households, 85% had electricity in 1935, compared to 68% in the United States. Techniques of mass production required both standardised equipment and scientific management or Taylorism, an American theory of rational labour practice that Japan adapted to make the work force more efficient. A dual structure characterised Japan’s modern economy. Therefore, for Japan modernisation meant a rise in industrial advances and production thus a booming economy.Scholars’ views of Korea’s colonial period generally divide into two broad categories. The first takes a negative view of Japan but the second fits the colonial experience into major trends that lasted to the end of the 20th century. This included abolishing inherited social status as a barrier to advancement; liberating women from male domination; introducing modern mass media and popular culture; creating a modern economy through heavy investment in railroads, bridges and harbours; establishing a modern financial sector in the 1920s; and industrialising the peninsula in the 1930s.A small middle class of businessmen and shopkeepers arose and half million farmers were converted to factory workers a nd miners. In retrospect, the most important economic contribution was Japan’s use of state-led industrialisation involving planning and controls of all kinds in the process of late industrialisation to catch up to the advanced economies of western imperialists. Colonial economic policy aimed at expanding agricultural production by investment in reclamation, irrigation, chemical fertiliser and the introduction of new seeds to grow rice for export to Japan.Some people benefited more than others out of the economic boom in Korea from 1910-1925. This economic boom saw a rise in the price of rice. Korean landlords most of whom were Yangban (landed or unlanded aristocracy), fared far better than sharecroppers and Japan succeeded in winning tangban landlords compliance to colonial rule by granting them noble titles and guaranteeing their private property rights. As a result landlords took little part in the development of active nationalist resistance to Japanese rule.Taking this i nto consideration it is not unreasonable to suggests that while Japanese colonial rule brought about tyranny, exploitation of the Korean economy, its reduction of the mass of the population to bare subsistence and its attempt to obliterate Korean culture without granting equal citizenship rights it also encouraged developmentalism thus a profound increase in economic development. World War One gave China’s businesses and industries a chance to flourish.Britain, France, Germany and Russia were preoccupied with what was happening in Europe and no longer had spare goods to export. Imports from the West thus dropped dramatically, giving Chinese manufacturers a chance to sell more profitably. At the same time, the demand for products from China increased dramatically, giving Chinese manufacturers a chance to sell more profitably. At the same time, the demand for products from china increased helping china’s export industries. The number of Chinese textile mills increased fr om 22 in 1911 to 109 in 1921.Tonnage of coal produced grew from 13 to 20 million tons between 1913 and 1919. Modern banking took off: between 1912 and 1923, the number of modern banks increased from 7 to 31. Telephone and electric companies were formed not only in major cities but also in county seats and even in market towns. New fortunes were made. For instance, the Rong brothers from a family of merchants in Wuxi built a flour mill in 1901 and another in 1913. As opportunities opened up, they built eight new factories between 1914 and 1920 expanding into textiles.Therefore, like Japan and Korea, modernisation for China also meant an increase in industrialisation and economic production which brought the first steps towards modernity in the early 20th century. In Japan the path towards modernisation also meant the adoption of constitutional government and an imperial democracy. After the Meiji restoration in 1868, it provided for a form of constitutional monarchy, in which the emp eror of Japan was an active ruler and wielded considerable political power over foreign policy and diplomacy which was shared with an elected Diet.The Diet primarily dictated domestic policy matters. After the Meiji restoration, which restored direct political power to the emperor, Japan underwent a period of political and social reform and modernisation aimed at strengthening Japan to the level of the nations of the Western world. The immediate consequence of the constitution was the opening of the first parliamentary government in Asia. In the early 20th century the struggle for democracy engaged academic theorists, journalists, feminists, outcasts and working men and women who expressed themselves in riots and in efforts to organised unions.For Japanese intellectuals liberalism meant representative government, constitutionalism, and rule by law. It meant individual rights and freedom from undue governmental interference in the individual’s life. It distinguished between th e naturalness of society and the artifice of the state. Intellectuals who professed liberal views jeopardised their careers. For example, Yoshino Sakuzo had to resign his position at Tokyo University because he had argued that people are the basis of the state and the aim of the state is to promote their well-being.The public interest had to in their view, supersede private, partial interests of oligarchs, bureaucrats, politicians and businessmen. Minobe Tatsukichi argued that according to the constitution, the Diet, in particular the lower house was the organ that represented the people. Therefore, it is clear that in Japan modernisation not only meant an improvement in industrial production and economic strength, but more significantly it meant the expression by the people for democracy and new liberal ideas imported from the West.A new modern culture was emerging in East Asia along with education which was emphasised significantly in Korea in the early 20th century. Radio broadca sting began in 1927 under the Japanese Korean broadcasting company and Korean language programs expanded from a third to half of airtime and in 1933 the first all Korean station was allowed. It devoted many programs to Korean history, science, the arts, international affairs, translations of western plays, popular songs with a distinct Korean flavour and standardisation of Korean grammar. In Japan the great Kanto earthquake of 1923 ushered in modern Japanese culture.Modern culture incorporated a second wave of westernisation driven not by national goals but by individual inclinations. After the earthquake, there emerged theatres, galleries, exhibition halls, and rooftop arcades and in 1927 the first subway in Asia connected corporate headquarters in Ginza with movie houses and cafes in Asakysa. The new middle class consumed a modern culture removed from politics. Mass literacy spurred the development of mass media. Self-help books and magazines taught the rudiments of popular scienc e, how to be modern, how to succeed in business and how to create the perfect home environment.Cinemas showed films from abroad alongside domestically produced animated cartoons and historical dramas. This modern mass culture promoted a privatising world of leisure and self-expression. In China the new culture movement took the lead in rejecting traditional values. For example, articles were written that promoted the importance of rejection of Confucianism so that China could attain equality and human rights. Leaders of the movement proposed ending use of the classical literary language because it was a â€Å"dead language† according to Hu Shi.By 1919 New youth written entirely in vernacular Chinese was joined by many other periodicals aimed at young people aspiring for new china. Magazines were filled with articles on western ideas including socialism anarchism, democracy, liberalism Darwinism pragmatism and science. All the major political and intellectual revolutionaries o f the early 20th century spoke out on the need to change the ways of thinking about women and their social roles. Early in the century the key issues were foot binding and women’s education. Anti-foot binding campaigns depicted the ustom as standing in the way of modernisation by crippling a large part of the population. As women gained access to modern education they began to participate in politics. Schools for women were becoming more common in this period. In 1907 the Qing government mandated the opening of schools for girls. By 1910 there were over 40000 girls’ schools in the country, with 1. 6 million students and by 1919 this had increased. Schools offered much more than literacy; they offered a respectable way for girls to interact with unrelated people.After 1920 opportunities for higher education also rapidly expanded leading to a growing number of women working as teachers, nurses and civil servants in the larger cities. At the end of World War One the treat y of Versailles ceded former German holdings in China to Japan instead of returning the territories to China even though China had sent troops to fight with the Allies in Europe. Such unfair treatment sparked a widespread intellectual uprising known as the May 4th movement. Focussing on the need for national strength and modernisation this movement also encompassed widespread cultural and literary innovation.These cultural products also saw new representations of women as two distinct archetypes: the New Woman and the Modern Girl. The new emphasis on women in the early 20th century and the public movements taking place (May 4th) show that to China modernisation meant a more Western liberal approach than ever before. To conclude one may argue that to be modern in East Asia in the early 20th century meant different things to Japan, Korea and China. However, similarities were greatly emphasised. For Japan there developed a robust parliamentary democracy supported by an electorate that encompassed the entire male population.The industrialised economy and modern bureaucracy fostered the growth of a well-educated middle class. Overall modern Japan contained conflicting visions of what it meant to be Japanese. For Korea Japanese colonial rule had both positive and negative effects. It established models for successful enterprises and by breaking down hereditary status barriers it opened opportunities to people previously blocked from upward mobility. By introducing modern education it introduced some Koreans to science, foreign languages and social science and enabled the birth of modern mass culture.In short Japanese colonialism produced wealth and poverty, acceptance and animosity, revolutionary potential and conservative reaction. For China modernisation meant the end of the two thousand years of monarchical government, the importance of nationalism and the emergence of political parties. Through the spread of modern schools and new publications a large proportion of the population knew of western countries and ideas. Radically new ideas such as individualism and democracy were being widely discussed and advocated. However, overall of most importance to the whole of East Asia was the similar way in which women were revolutionised.In Japan, Korea and China one may argue that the process of modernisation had the greatest impact on women and that one of the biggest aspects of adopting a more modern western culture in early 20th century East Asia, was the freedom for women to play more public roles in society. Bibliography 1. Edwin Arnold, Asia’s first parliament: Sir Edwin Arnold describes the step in Japan, New York Times 26 January 1891 2. Ebrey, Walthall and Palais, East Asia: a cultural, social and political history second edition 2009 3. Sarah E Stevens, Figuring modernity: the new woman and the modern girl in republican China volume 15 number 3 2003

Essay about Rwandan Genocide - 2279 Words

Rwanda has almost always been somewhat of a melting pot, much like other African nations. People of various ethnicities, occupations, and social classes lived in the country without much more trouble than the surrounding nations. Even so, much like other nations, Rwanda still had underlying issues beneath the surface that still had to be faced. Beginning on April 9th, 1994, the genocide had begun, leading to a systematic killing of over 800,000 Rwandans. For what reason were these people killed to begin with? Each of these people were killed for being either Tutsi, an upper-classed ethnic group in the nation, or for refusing to partake in the barbaric bloodletting. After the confrontations between the â€Å"upper class† Tutsi and the†¦show more content†¦However, a Hutu could still become a â€Å"Tutsi† if he went up high enough on the social ladder, so if anything the separation was just a general statistic at best. By the time the late 19th century and early 20th century came along, after colonialists came into the area, a new policy was instilled which proclaimed that Tutsi were superior to Hutu, giving the Tutsi more privileges and better education than their Hutu counterparts (Twagilimana 22). After Belgium took control of Rwanda in 1918, it was decided that rather than allow Hutu to improve their living situation, they would be forced into a social class - â€Å"upper-classed† Tutsis or â€Å"lower-classed† Hutu – depending on their ethnicity (â€Å"Frontline: Rwanda Chronology†; Twagilimana 22). In addition, the Hutu were no longer allowed to rise in class, and were stuck in their position for life. Further exacerbating the already strained relationship of Hutu and Tutsi masses, between the 1920’s and 1930’s, Belgian officials decided that ethnicity cards, or â€Å"books,† as described by some individuals, would be issued to every citizen of Rwanda, identifying them as Hutu, Tutsi, or of another race (â€Å"Frontline: Rwanda Chronology†; Rusesabagina 23). This suppression of Hutu continued on until the 1950’s, when Hutus rebelled against a suppressing ruling-class that had oppressed them for so long. By the year 1962, the Hutu had finally taken control of the nation, causing thousandsShow MoreRelatedThe Genocide Of The Rwandan Genocide Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994 and involved members of the Hutu mass killing Tutsi and Tutsi sympathizers who were Hutu. The genocide resulted in the deaths of around 800,000 people, majority Tutsi. The separation of classes came from Belgian internationals creating the two ethnic classes and giving power to the Tutsi who were taller and had lighter skin, and generally appeared more European. In response to this, after the country gained independence from Belgium, Hutu extremists gatheredRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide And The Genocide1654 Words   |  7 PagesMira nda Shearer Mrs. Sohal/ Mrs. Love Period 3 17 October 2014 The Rwandan Genocide A genocide is defined as the deliberate killing of a group of people, especially of a certain ethnicity. By that definition and almost any other a dictionary could define, the killing of the Tutsis was certainly a genocide.The Rwandan Genocide occurred in 1994, in an African country called Rwanda. 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Over the years scholars have studied just wha t motivates a state to engage in such awful behavior. What motivates them? Why would they do such horrendous things to their own citizens? Is it solely for some economic incentive, orRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Rwandan Genocide Essay2042 Words   |  9 Pagespeople that commit genocide; we are all capable of it. It’s our evolutionary history† (James Lovelock). According to the Oxford dictionary, genocide is defined as â€Å"the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular nation or ethnic group.† Although it may be hard to believe, genocides have occurred all over the world and all throughout time. There have been well documented genocides such as the Holocaust. Additionally, there have also been genocides that have barelyRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide1188 Words   |  5 PagesRwandan Genocide The Rwandan Genocide began on April 6, 1994 and lasted for about 100 days (History). 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